The Three Long Weeks The Washington Area Is Terrorized By...

The Beltway Snipers Three long weeks the Washington area was terrorized by a series of random sniper attacks. At first, the shootings seemed to be random, but were soon discovered to be coordinated attacks by John Allen Muhammad and his accomplice named Lee Boyd Malvo. The sniper’s claimed the lives of ten victims over the span of three weeks time, starting the second of October 2002 and ending around the 23 of October. Following leads, the police found a tree stump in their back yard that had been used for practicing. The two men were found sleeping in their car at a rest stop, in possession of guns matching the ballistics of the bullets found at the crime scenes. According to Crime Museum, in 2003 Muhammad was convicted on two counts of capital murder, homicide committed with intent to terrorize government or the public at large, conspiracy to commit murder, and the illegal use of a firearm. (Crime Museum) In March 2004, a judge from Virginia sentenced Muhammad to death. In 2009 Muhammad was executed by lethal injection. Boyd was also charged twice with capital murder and the unlawful use of a firearm. Boyd pleaded not guilty on all charges because of insanity stating that he was under Muhammad’s complete control according to Crime Museum. According to the book, Mastering Sociology, written by James Henslin the differential association theory was developed by Edwin Sutherland. The differential association theory essentially says that the different groups a person

Definition and Examples of Kenneth Burkes Pentad

Juvenile Delinquency And Its Effect On Schools Essay

Introduction Juvenile delinquency appears to be increasing daily and this increase has impacted schools, communities and the government. Several years ago, gang violence was the driving force in delinquency and specifically targeted certain groups. More heinous crimes are being committed by youth under the age of 18. The problem continues about where to place the youth based on the crime and also considering their age. The mirroring of delinquency has been perceived by others who are challenged daily by finding the most appropriate consequence to the behaviors presented. The ultimate solution is to provide effective rehabilitation so that recidivism. Consequence to crime and treatment options vary from state to state with additional moral and political concerns. It is these factors which impact the functionality of the community. A simple definition of juvenile delinquency can be summed up as a moral and criminal act committed by a minor who is under the age of 18. The off enses committed not only scars the community but seeks opportunities to address the behavior while remaining cognizant of the youth’s age. Many of the infractions would be ignored if the age factor was eliminated. Some include smoking, drinking and truancy. These minor moral infractions are precursors to behaviors that contribute to crime. Repeated behaviors are indication of the lack of supervision which is needed to protect youth, others and the community. In Pittsburgh, theShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Juvenile Delinquency On Teens864 Words   |  4 Pagesunderdevelopment, deficiency and lack of housing areas. Theses can also affect teens that increase-doing crimes in which it called juvenile delinquency. There are two terms that define juvenile delinquency, 1: conduct by a juvenile characterized by antisocial behavior that is a beyond parental control and therefore subject to legal action; 2: a violation of law committed by a juvenile and not punishable by death or live imprisonment. (Cite). In this topic, I will explain more about family factors in whichRead MoreJuvenile Delinquency : Factors That Lead Youth1458 Words   |  6 PagesJuvenile Delinquency: Factors that lead youth to delinquency It has long been a problem why some children steal, damage properties and not others. Many researches have been done to know the main factor that lead youth to delinquency, and it has been learned that there is no single path to delinquency. Although much of the research on factors that youth face has focused on predicting serious and violent offenses. Many people wonder about the factors that lead youth to commit delinquency. There areRead MoreJuvenile Justice And Delinquency Prevention Reauthorization Act1577 Words   |  7 Pagespaper is to research the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Reauthorization Act. The paper will focus on the purpose of this legislation, as well as the values that are expressed by this policy. This paper will not only address why this piece of legislation is important it will discuss the effects this act has had on the communities as well as the youths themselves. This paper, will also address the potential for change about the public attitud es towards the juvenile justice system and theRead MoreThe General Strain Theory Of Female Delinquency1253 Words   |  6 Pagestheories. A major theory used to explain female delinquency is the general strain theory (GST). According to Bartollas, â€Å"GST explains female delinquency by contending that many females experience harsh discipline, parental rejection, peer abuse, negative secondary school experience, homelessness, and a strong need for money;† these strains can cause females to cope through delinquent behavior (73). The social learning theory also explains female delinquency as â€Å"some females tend to associate with othersRead MoreCauses and Solution of Juvenile Delinquency in America Essay1726 Words   |  7 Pagesevery year the FBI arrests more than 3300 young adults under the age of 18† (Khan).Juvenile delinquency can be caused by the influence gangs,bullying, and bad parenting. This topic caught my attention because there a lot of kids getting ar rested each year for crimes committed and kids getting involved in gangs, also kids getting access to weapons,drugs, or getting bully by other people. However juvenile delinquency can be prevented by offering bullying prevention, violence prevention curriculumsRead MoreThe Effects Of Delinquency On Children s Life1657 Words   |  7 Pagescommit more crimes than adults, and that if we can reduce the amount of delinquency that occurs in the United States, then we will also reduce the amount of crime. To understand how to prevent delinquency, we must first understand what causes it. Delinquency can be caused by a number of factors involving the child s family, socialization, economic background and drug use. Of course, the earliest contributor to delinquency in a child s life is the family. (1) Early family dysfunction can leadRead More Preventing Juvenile Delinquency Essay1386 Words   |  6 PagesPreventing Juvenile Delinquency The saying is that history often repeats itself. If this is true then society will have to deal with the complex burden of juvenile who eventually become adult criminals. However, if this saying is not true then the community in which juvenile delinquency exist must have the tool necessary to divert the youth in the community. If one is to change delinquent youth’s behavior, they need to variegate the justice system in order to prevent juvenile delinquent recidivismsRead MoreSocial And Social Learning Theory1553 Words   |  7 Pageslearned through associations with others who commit crimes. Juveniles are very impressionable or gullible, wherein they want to be popular or part of the in-crowd or clique. In comparison to the 1970’s versus today, juveniles are emulating criminals depicted on television not just through associations. Consider the current state of technology, specifically the internet and websites such as â€Å"You Tube.† With respect to crime an d juvenile delinquents, You Tube is and can be a negative influence. InRead MoreVideo games and juvenile delinquency700 Words   |  3 Pages Video games and juvenile delinquency In the modern society’s setting, juvenile delinquency is at a rising trend. This is the most lightly penalized crime committed by minors worldwide. A delinquent is an underage person who indulges in criminal doings; these crimes are more often than not based on their behavior. Their behaviors are mostly characterized by carelessness, unnecessary roughness and wild nature. Delinquents are in every state worldwide. Juvenile delinquency has been attributed toRead MoreDrug Abuse And Its Effects On The Criminal Justice System900 Words   |  4 PagesDespite all of the efforts put fourth in attempting to better educate and stop drug use in America studies show that drug use by juveniles has substantially increased within recent years. According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) juveniles as young as eighth grade are using drugs such as marijuana on a daily basis. Unfortunately, most of these juveniles have also experimented with alcohol at this age as a gateway drug to start using marijuana and so forth. (NIDA) There are many aspects

Changing Social Networks Home Individuals â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Changing Social Networks Home Individuals? Answer: Introducation Marginalization is a term that is used to refer to the state of being socially disadvantaged in the society. The term is used mostly in fields like economics, sociology and education as well as in politics (Darcy et al, 2009). It refers to the people in the society who have certain specific issue with their bodies, health or living status. Some examples of marginalized groups are poor people, homeless people, depressed people and individuals with mental illness among others. These people are often left out or are never included in the social sector or operations of the society. This leaves them vulnerable and lacking social inclusion. The dynamics of Australians demography and population change has led to increased numbers of people under the marginalized category. Research has shown that the Australian government is working very hard to ensure that these group of individuals are taken care of and included in the community operations (Tually et al, 2011). Basically, this is what the government of any country or the society should work towards. They should ensure that every individual has a sense of belonging and feel valued. In that case, the Australian government and other organizations related to society development and growth have been working hard to ensure the inclusion of the marginalized group in the society operations (Tually et al, 2011). Effects Of Social Stigma On Health Social stigma refers to overrated disapproval or discontent with an individual on the bases of their social status or physical appearance. Wheelchair Users A wheel chair in the eyes of many normal people, is a necessary but undesirable clinical equipment. It is often viewed as a symbol of disability. The wheelchair users have always been viewed as people who need assessment and prescription from a doctor instead of individuals with preferences and power to choose just like other normal people (Sapey et al, 2007). Therefore, stigma is something that can affect their way or view of life negatively. Social stigma can make wheelchair users to feel rejected, worthless, frustrated, angry, isolated and alone among other feelings (Lucas et al, 2012). The social stigma can effect the health of wheelchair users in a negative way. The fact is that most of the wheelchair users have untreatable diseases or have lost their legs and thats the reason why they need a wheelchair. However, when stigmatized frequently, their health may not be affected directly, but their healing process (in case it is anticipated) is slowed to very low levels. Visual Impaired The visually impaired persons are people with low vision abilities or rather low ability to see. Even with corrective lenses, they may not see an object clearly because of the interference during the image procession in the persons eye. This means that they may not be able to read, drive, driving or socializing properly and without problems. Visually impaired people are also faced with stigmatization from the normal people as well. At times they are avoided or disapproved which may influence their adjustment and socializing ability among other people (Papadaki et al, 2013). They are viewed as people who need doctors care and attention instead of people who need normal life treatment and acceptance by others. These people are faced with stigmatization in their homes, schools, places of work and social environments among other places. They are treated as people who always need help even when they do not or rather when they can do it on their own. In that case, the visually impaired fac e a lot of challenges whenever looking for a job, socializing with new people or trying to perform an activity. This is a clear indication that the stigmatization can impact the visually impaired in terms of emotions, thought, behavior and relationships. This can also have a negative effect on their health indirectly. This decreases their chances of being better because of their negative view towards life as well as their condition. Homeless People In the current world and economy, poor people have been seen as marginalized or disabled. This has led to them being stigmatized just like any other physically disabled person in the society including in Australia. When the effects of stigmatization are addresses in a normal discussion, the society is likely to see homeless or poor people as the cause of their own state. The society fails to consider the forces and factors that may have led them to be in that state, e.g. unemployment, limited choices for affordable houses, lack of kinship networks to name a few (Johnstone et al, 2016). These are some of the main (social and economic) factors that have contributed to the existence of homeless people. However, stigmatization occurs in situation with unique social, economic and political status. In such situations, the homeless people are prone to immense discrimination. The negative attitude towards these people has recently increased especially in Australia. One of the main aspects th at is inherent in homeless people is their inability to groom or clean well which makes the public to view them as unappealing which is a form of discrimination and stigmatization (Gray et al, 2016). In addition to that, such views make the homeless people feel threatened, unworthy, no longer useful or functional among other things. This kind of stigmatization can lead to other conditions like mental illness and substance abuse. Social Inclusion And Human Rights In Australia, approximately 4million people living with disability are today on the verge of being treated unfairly by the public or other normal people. This is because, the group is at a risk of not being provided with the basic human rights like other normal people (Shakespeare, 2013). In addition to that, they have not always been given a priority towards a luxurious lifestyle that the normal people have. In other words, almost every Australian with disability experiences human right violation at some point in life while other experience it on a daily basis. Until year 2011, a large number of disabled people in Australia were thought of as less useful and nonfunctional to the society. This led to them undergoing experiences like isolation, sometimes starvation to death, withdrawal of medications and treatments from their reach, sexual assaults and other kinds of assaults. People with disability experience human rights violation in other areas or aspects of life like in education and training, employment, access to services, public transport, voting access to name a few (www.humanrights.gov.au/publications/access-premises). This clearly shows that there were no specific rules and regulations or laws that protected these group of people. In general terms, some of the human rights violations that challenge people with disability include: freedom of expression, opinion and access to information, equal recognition before the law and access to justice, freedom from exploitation, violence and abuse, children with disability and respect for home and family, freedom to good housing to name a few. Wheelchair Users These group is deemed disabled because they cannot walk on their own except with the help of a wheelchair. They have challenges especially during transportation e.g. in an airplane. Most of the wheelchair users lack access to toilets hence leading to urinate either in a bottle in their seats. Others also lack something to drink for long hours of travel because they cannot have access to a drink. Research has shown that around 90% of wheelchair users are forced not to take any drink before a flight because of the problem of accessing airline toilets. They also have other challenges during ticket booking and entering the airplane. Visually Impaired They face discrimination when it comes to searching for employment, purchasing of goods or services, access to information especially by the media, voting access (Ellis et al, 2017). At most times, the employers find it unreasonable to make office changes just because of one/two people. A business finds it expensive to provide its customers with invoices hat are accessible to the visually impaired individuals in the society. Homeless People They experience violation of one of the most basic needs and rights of a human being, which is lack of access to safe and secure housing. In that case, these people lack the right for family, friends and community connections. This makes it difficult for them to have control over their own life and surrounding environment (Johnstone et al, 2015). Other violations that may accompany homeless people are: violation to adequate living standards, right to education, right to liberty and security, right to social security, right to privacy etc. Governement Policy To Promote Social Inclusion Of The Disabled Recently there are some laws that have been set up to govern them and protect the marginalized group from being socially stigmatized and disrespected. The CRPD Australia has come to recognize people with disability and therefore giving equal rights and treatment to them just like other normal people (Australian Human Rights Commission's disability discrimation guide.). In addition to that, they have come up with suitable ways to include and encourage the disabled people to participate in community development and growth (Lucas et al, 2012). There are strategies designed to encourage people with disability to participate in formal structure and institutions of the economy society and country (Adjustments In The Workplace For People With Disabilities). Through this they will be able to access all the goods and services as well as enjoy the benefits that the Australian government has set for every citizen. Additionally, the government has amended the countrys laws and guaranteed equal o pportunities in employment, transportation, access to government services and facilities, access to information, public accommodations e.g. restaurants, theaters, retail stores, schools, libraries, parks and museums to name a few. Wheelchair Users The Australian government is working on ways of improving their access to facilities like airplanes, washrooms and other buildings like any other normal person (Bray et al, 2014). The government has also focused on offering reasonable accommodation to those in wheelchairs in the country. Visually Impaired The government is focused on ensuring that they can access information as much as other people e.g. in televisions and computers. There are trainings on use of brails in computers and televisions being offered to the blind and those who can see even with corrective lenses(Liu et al, 2010. The government has ensured that they are given equal treatment in their work areas. Homeless The government has ensures that they are provided reasonable housing and accommodations services. There are also opportunities to train and educate them on ways of earning a living on their own and providing for themselves. Conclusion From the report, I can say that the marginalized people in Australia are facing a lot of challenges on a daily basis. The people who use wheelchairs experience challenges that are mostly related with walking on their own, the visually impaired are challenges by issues relating to vision and the homeless are challenges by issues relating to housing and accommodation. However, the Australian government has come to recognize and respect the people with disability. It has focused on making their lives better and seem normal just like the lives of people without disability. This has been possible through the introduction and implementation of laws and rules that govern and protect these peoples lives References Australian Human Rights Commission's disability discrimation guide. Bray, N., Noyes, J., Edwards, R. T., Harris, N. (2014). Wheelchair interventions, services and provision for disabled children: a mixed-method systematic review and conceptual framework.BMC health services research,14(1), 309. Darcy, S., Taylor, T. (2009). Disability citizenship: An Australian human rights analysis of the cultural industries.Leisure Studies,28(4), 419-441. Darcy, S., Taylor, T., Green, J. (2016). But I can do the job: examining disability employment practice through human rights complaint cases.Disability Society,31(9), 1242-1274. Ellis, K., Kent, M. (2011).Disability and new media. Routledge. Gray, H. M., Shaffer, P. M., Nelson, S. E., Shaffer, H. J. (2016). Changing social networks among homeless individuals: a prospective evaluation of a job-and life-skills training program.Community mental health journal,52(7), 799-808.doi:10.1007/s10597-014-9817-5. Johnstone, M., Jetten, J., Dingle, G. A., Parsell, C., Walter, Z. C. (2015). Discrimination and well-being amongst the homeless: the role of multiple group membership.Frontiers in psychology,6.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00739 Johnstone, M., Jetten, J., Dingle, G. A., Parsell, C., Walter, Z. C. (2016). Enhancing Well?being of Homeless Individuals by Building Group Memberships.Journal of Community Applied Social Psychology,26(5), 421-438.DOI:10.1002/casp.2272 Lazar, J., Stein, M. A. (Eds.). (2017).Disability, human rights, and information technology. University of Pennsylvania Press. Liu, X., Doermann, D., Li, H. (2010). Mobile visual aid tools for users with visual impairments. InMobile Multimedia Processing(pp. 21-36). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Lucas, J. W., Phelan, J. C. (2012). Stigma and status: The interrelation of two theoretical perspectives.Social psychology quarterly,75(4), 310-333. Papadaki, M., Tzvetkova-Arsova, M. (2013). Social attitudes and beliefs of sighted people towards blindness and blind persons.Specijalna edukacija i rehabilitacija,12(4), 481-499. Sapey, B., Stewart, J., Donaldson, G. (2007). The social implications of increases in wheelchair use.Department of Applied Social Science, Lancaster University, Lancaster. Shakespeare, T. (2013).Disability rights and wrongs revisited. Routledge. Tually, S., Beer, A., McLoughlin, P. (2011). Format PDF. Tually, S., Beer, A., McLoughlin, P. (2011). Housing assistance, social inclusion and people living with a disability. Watchorn, V., Larkin, H., Hitch, D., Ang, S. (2014). Promoting participation through the universal design of built environments: Making it happen.Journal of Social Inclusion,5(2), 65-88.doi:10.3390/ijerph120708157 www.humanrights.gov.au/publications/access-premises